Herpes zoster - Herpes Zóster
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Burbullas de herpes zoster no pescozo e no ombreiro
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ReferencesA tella, causada pola reactivación do virus da varicela‑zoster responsable da varicela, afecta a preto de 1 millón de persoas ao ano nos Estados Unidos, cun risco vitalicio do 30 %. As persoas con o sistema inmunitario debilitado son significativamente máis propensas a desenvolver zóster, cuos síntomas normalmente comezan con malestar, dor de cabeza e febre baixa, seguidos de sensacións cutáneas inusuais uns días antes da aparición dunha erupción. Esta erupción, que adoita limitarse a unha zona específica do corpo, progresa de vesículas claras a úlceras con costra durante unha semana a dez días. O tratamento precoz con antivirais (acyclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir) nas primeiras 72 horas despois da aparición da erupción é crucial. A neuralgia postherpética, unha complicación frecuente caracterizada por dor prolongada na zona afectada, afecta a un de cada cinco pacientes e requere tratamento continuo con medicamentos como gabapentina, pregabalina ou certos antidepresivos, xunto con agentes tópicos como lidocaína ou capsaicina. Recoméndase a vacinación contra o virus da varicela‑zoster para adultos de 50 anos ou máis para reducir o risco de zóster.
Shingles, caused by the reactivation of the varicella zoster virus responsible for chickenpox, affects around 1 million people annually in the United States, with a lifetime risk of 30%. Those with weakened immune systems are significantly more prone to developing shingles, with symptoms typically starting with malaise, headache, and a mild fever, followed by unusual skin sensations a few days before the appearance of a rash. This rash, usually appearing in a specific area of the body, progresses from clear blisters to crusted sores over a week to ten days. Prompt treatment with antiviral medications (acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir) within 72 hours of rash onset is crucial. Postherpetic neuralgia, a common complication characterized by prolonged pain in the affected area, affects about one in five patients and requires ongoing management with medications such as gabapentin, pregabalin, or certain antidepressants, along with topical agents like lidocaine or capsaicin. Vaccination against the varicella zoster virus is recommended for adults aged 50 and above to reduce the risk of shingles.
Shingles, caused by the reactivation of the varicella zoster virus responsible for chickenpox, affects around 1 million people annually in the United States, with a lifetime risk of 30%. Those with weakened immune systems are significantly more prone to developing shingles, with symptoms typically starting with malaise, headache, and a mild fever, followed by unusual skin sensations a few days before the appearance of a rash. This rash, usually appearing in a specific area of the body, progresses from clear blisters to crusted sores over a week to ten days. Prompt treatment with antiviral medications (acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir) within 72 hours of rash onset is crucial. Postherpetic neuralgia, a common complication characterized by prolonged pain in the affected area, affects about one in five patients and requires ongoing management with medications such as gabapentin, pregabalin, or certain antidepressants, along with topical agents like lidocaine or capsaicin. Vaccination against the varicella zoster virus is recommended for adults aged 50 and above to reduce the risk of shingles.
Herpes zóster adoita ocorrer con máis frecuencia nas persoas de 50 anos ou máis, nas que teñen un sistema inmunitario debilitado e nas que toman medicamentos inmunosupresores. É desencadeado pola reactivación do virus da varicela‑zóster, o mesmo virus que causa a varicela. Os síntomas, como febre, dor e comezón, normalmente preceden á aparición da erupción característica. A complicación máis común é a neuralxia post‑herpética, unha dor nerviosa persistente despois de que a erupción desaparece. Os factores de risco e as complicacións asociadas ao herpes zóster varían segundo a idade, a saúde inmune e o momento do inicio do tratamento. Demostrouse que a vacinación para persoas de 60 anos ou máis reduce significativamente a aparición de herpes zóster e neuralxia post‑herpética. Comezar medicamentos antivirais e analxésicos dentro das 72 horas posteriores á aparición da erupción pode diminuír a gravidade e as complicacións do herpes zóster e da neuralxia post‑herpética.
Herpes zoster tends to occur more frequently in people aged 50 and older, those with weakened immune systems, and those taking immunosuppressant medications. It's triggered by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, the same virus that causes chickenpox. Symptoms like fever, pain, and itching commonly precede the appearance of the characteristic rash. The most common complication is post-herpetic neuralgia, which is persistent nerve pain after the rash clears up. The risk factors and complications associated with herpes zoster vary depending on age, immune health, and timing of treatment initiation. Vaccination for individuals aged 60 and above has been shown to significantly reduce the occurrence of herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia. Starting antiviral medications and pain relievers within 72 hours of rash onset can lessen the severity and complications of herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia.
Herpes zoster tends to occur more frequently in people aged 50 and older, those with weakened immune systems, and those taking immunosuppressant medications. It's triggered by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, the same virus that causes chickenpox. Symptoms like fever, pain, and itching commonly precede the appearance of the characteristic rash. The most common complication is post-herpetic neuralgia, which is persistent nerve pain after the rash clears up. The risk factors and complications associated with herpes zoster vary depending on age, immune health, and timing of treatment initiation. Vaccination for individuals aged 60 and above has been shown to significantly reduce the occurrence of herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia. Starting antiviral medications and pain relievers within 72 hours of rash onset can lessen the severity and complications of herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia.
Os ensaios clínicos previos á aprobación indican que a vacina do zóster viva funciona entre o 50 % e o 70 %, mentres que a vacina recombinante ten un rendemento superior, que vai do 90 % ao 97 %. En estudos do mundo real, confirman as conclusións dos ensaios, mostrando que a vacina viva ten unha eficacia aproximada do 46 %, mentres que a recombinante roda o 85 %.
The pre-licensure clinical trials show the efficacy of the live zoster vaccine to be between 50 and 70% and for the recombinant vaccine to be higher at 90 to 97%. Real-world effectiveness studies, with a follow-up of approximately 10 years, were reviewed in this article. These data corroborated the efficacy studies, with vaccine effectiveness being 46% and 85% for the live and recombinant vaccines, respectively.
The pre-licensure clinical trials show the efficacy of the live zoster vaccine to be between 50 and 70% and for the recombinant vaccine to be higher at 90 to 97%. Real-world effectiveness studies, with a follow-up of approximately 10 years, were reviewed in this article. These data corroborated the efficacy studies, with vaccine effectiveness being 46% and 85% for the live and recombinant vaccines, respectively.
A varicela, tamén chamada varicela, resulta da infección inicial co virus, que normalmente ocorre durante a infancia ou a adolescencia. Unha vez curada a varicela, o virus pode permanecer inactivo (inactivo) nas células nerviosas humanas durante anos ou décadas, despois dos cales pode reactivarse. O herpes zóster (herpes zoster) resulta cando se reactiva o virus da varicela latente. Despois, o virus viaxa ao longo dos nervios ata as terminacións nerviosas da pel, producindo burbullas. Durante un brote de herpes zóster (herpes zoster), a exposición ao virus da varicela presente nas burbullas de herpes zóster (herpes zoster) pode causar varicela nunha persoa que aínda non a padeceu.
Os factores de risco para a reactivación do virus inactivo inclúen a vellez, a función inmunolóxica deficiente e ter contraído a varicela antes dos 18 meses de idade. O virus da varicela‑zoster non é o mesmo que o virus do herpes simple, aínda que ambos pertencen á mesma familia de herpesvirus.
As vacinas contra o herpes zóster (herpes zoster) reducen o risco de herpes zóster (herpes zoster) entre un 50% e un 90%. Tamén diminúen as taxas de neuralxia posherpética e, se se produce herpes zóster (herpes zoster), a súa gravidade. Se se desenvolve herpes zóster (herpes zoster), os medicamentos antivirais como o aciclovir poden reducir a gravidade e a duración da enfermidade se se inician dentro das 72 horas posteriores á aparición da erupción cutánea.
○ Tratamento
Se as lesións se estenden rapidamente, consulte ao seu médico canto antes para recibir tratamento antiviral.
Requírense tanto medicamentos antivirais como medicamentos para a neuralxia. Debe descansar e evitar o consumo de alcohol.
#Acyclovir
#Fancyclovir
#Valacyclovir
#Gabapentin
#Pregabalin